Case Study Irs and Datawarehousing

Interactive Session: Organizations: The Internal Revenue Service Uncovers Tax Fraud with a Data Warehouse Case Study Questions: 1. Why was it so difficult for the IRS to analyze the taxpayer data it had collected? Initially, IRS data were stored in legacy systems designed to process tax return forms efficiently and organized in many different formats, including hierarchical mainframe databases, Oracle relational databases, and non-database â€Å"flat† files.The data in the older style hierarchical databases and â€Å"flat† files were nearly impossible to query and analyze and could not easily be combined with the relational data. 2. What kind of challenges did the IRS encounter when implementing its CDW? What management, organization, and technology issues had to be addressed? The challenges the IRS encountered when it implemented its CDW include: Management: Convincing the organization to undergo a sweeping upgrade like a data warehouse implementation was not easy, sin ce government agencies are normally risk-adverse and resist changes.Data warehouses require extensive effort to keep up-to-date. Organization: The structure of data wasn’t consistent because of tax law changes through the years. This made integration of the data a complicated process. The sheer amount of data that the CDW was slated to manage was far more than anything the IRS had previously handled. Data warehouses tend to require extensive amounts of money to keep up-to-date. Technology: The CDW has grown in capacity from three terabytes at its creation in the late 1990s to approximately 150 terabytes of data.The most important feature of the data warehouse was that it be sufficiently large to accommodate multiple terabytes of data, but also accessible enough to allow queries of its data using many different tools. The components that the IRS selected allowed CDW to do that. Conversion of the legacy data to the new system was not a uniform process. 3. How did the CDW improv e decision making and operations at the IRS? Are there benefits to taxpayers? The CDW enables highly flexible queries against one of the largest databases in the world.IRS researchers can now search and analyze hundreds of millions or even billions of records at one time using a centralized source of accurate and consistent data instead of having to reconcile information from multiple inconsistent sources. The CDW allows the agency to recoup many billions of dollars in tax revenue that was lost under the old system. In 2006 the IRS collected $59. 2 billion in additional revenue via 1. 4 million audits of taxpayers questioned for underreporting taxes. Using the data warehouse, analysts are able to determine patterns in groups of people most likely to cheat on their taxes.The data warehouse reduced the time it takes to trace mistakes in claims and analyze data from six to eight months to only a few hours. The CDW is more secure than the old legacy system storage tapes, thereby better protecting taxpayer data. 4. Do you think data warehouses could be useful in other areas of the federal sector? Which ones? Why or why not? Other federal agencies that might find data warehouses useful include: †¢ Department of Defense: maintain all personnel data from all four branches of the military including active duty, Guard, Reserve, and retired people.During times of war or national emergencies the data warehouse could supply information on people most qualified and available to respond to the emergency. All kinds of information and analyses could be performed if the data were consistent and complete. †¢ Federal Trade Commission: could combine data on consumer-related activities into one data warehouse that would be available to all branches of government and private organizations. Data could help analyze economic situations and factors so that businesses and governments could make faster and better decisions.

Want and Ambition

1. What spring in to your mind when you hear the word â€Å"ambition†? Whenever I hear the word ambition as if there’s someone beside me and telling to take actions! I have so many ambitions in life that I need to fulfill. These ambitions will help me to strive harder and reach the goal to be a successful one. 2. Are you ambitious? Yes, I am ambitious. Definitely I am, we all need to accept the facts that people meant to be ambitious to take harder or strive to get what we goal in life. Related article: My Aim Is To Become A CollectorPeople who are â€Å"ambitious† are viewed sometimes as either selfish or unrealistic. But still no matter how we look on it, there are no such bad things in having ambition. All we need to do is admit it to ourselves and give ourselves permission to pursue it. 4. Who is the most ambitious person you know? I am ambitious person; I have many ambitions in life that I need to fulfill. I knew inside me that I have many things I want to have or achieve. In family, career and even in fame there are a lot of these ambitions in my life. 5.What were your ambitions when you were a child? When I was small, I was dreaming to become a journalist. Whenever I hear someone reporting on television I will face in front of the mirror and will hold anything and pretend that it’s a microphone and start repeating the message that the reporter stated on the news. Later on I decided that I would like to build a big shop where kids would be able t o find everything they needed so as their dreams would come true. My parents were always smiling at me, charmed by my high ambitions in life.While growing, I started to form more  definite picture of my future  and was almost sure that I want to be a diplomat. 7. What ambition do you have that you think you'll realize and won't realize? 8. Why do you have ambitions? I have my ambition because, having ambition in hard times like things are not going well, will lead me to get myself out of them and find happiness and success. If we have no ambition in our life, we have no drive for anything. Nothing will seem important. 9.What’s the different between ambition and a dream? To dream is without effort as if your only dreaming for an impossible thing to happen while ambition you have to take step by step to reach each of your ambition and take risks to fulfill all of these. 10. What ambition have you held the longest? The ambition I held the longest in real life is to graduate in a diplomat with a degree holder. Wherein I can find a good job to help my parents and provide them own house and live with a happy and contented life. 11.What happens after you have fulfilled all your ambitions? The best is when the source of ambition becomes my desire to reach my big goal or to fulfill my life in purpose. The only thing that will happen after fulfilling my ambition is contentment. 12. What do you think it feels like to fulfill a lifetime ambition? I think it feels like I am the happiest person and will having a peaceful mind. Of course everyone is asking and striving to reach a lifetime ambition. And if that happens to me and in God’s will, I’ll thank him.

The Management of Change of General Motors (GM) and Dell Essay

The Management of Change of General Motors (GM) and Dell - Essay Example This essay discusses that the organizational change is a constant procedure of remaking the ideas and approach of the organization by shifting the tactical routes and operations of the organization. This change assists the organization to enhance its potential with the greater monetary returns and its plan to meet the changing conditions and requirement of the clients. The main element that the organizations should look into before making any changes is to decide the future goals and objectives of the business and to see that how the resources should be implemented in order to make the change successful without the resistance of the employees at all the levels of the organization structure. The adjustment for the changing goals and the customer demand has become a big challenge for the organizations to meet the global competition. This job has become more difficult and complicated for the organization because they are not sure that their employees can handle and cope up with the chan ge or not. In the sector of profitability, the growth of global market and shift in political situations has made a way for the new markets of products and services that is never seen before in the corporate sector. In response to this changing pace, the organizations are adopting simple and reactive structure in which the culture is such that it empowers the employees and teamwork is the main driving force. Because of this changing environment, the employees expect that they will be involved in the decision regarding the organizational change. ... t position and share of the company falls due to change in demand of the customers and increase of competition from the car manufacturers of Japan (GM, 2012). Reason for Change: Previously, the company made many efforts to overcome the decline of sales, bad brand image, declining market share and some other reasons but most of those changes effort were failed due to communication gap between the top management and the employee’s and also because of the poor management. In 2009, the company was in extreme financial crises and the US Government would impose bankruptcy if the company will not be able to pay its debt. The new CEO fritz Henderson focus was to restructure the company within 2 months in order to save the company from bankruptcy. The company granted the financial and time aid from the US Government in order to exist as a company and payoff all the debts. The global recession made the company in financial crises and the management failed to overcome that pressure (Ande rsen, 2011). The basic reason for change is to improve the competitiveness of the company by cutting down the number of employees working and to decrease the other brands that General Motors owned. In addition, the company wants to change its overall structure by making it less bureaucratic and cut off the layers of management that is unnecessary for the company. This way the company assumes to save money and to the decision-making speed will also increase. The second point that the company decided was to change the culture of the company that would help to improve the market focus. This meant that the company would build the cars that are according to the requirement of the customers. This will help the company to see a definite path and help to come out of the financial crises that it was

Describe elements of power and quote work from Weber, Bachrach & Essay

Describe elements of power and quote work from Weber, Bachrach & Baratz & Lukes - Essay Example Power and control are two concepts highly analysed by theorists and researchers. The works that are most known in this field are those of Weber, Bachrach & Baratz and Lukes. Their views on power and control have certain similarities; still, differences exist at the level that each one of these theorists uses different criteria for evaluating human behaviour. In any case, it has been proved that the relationship between power and control is strong at such level that each of these concepts cannot be fully explained without referring to the other. However, there are also cases where the above concepts can be independent, but these cases are rather the exception and not the rule. In order to understand the relationship between power and control, it would be necessary to check the elements of these two concepts, as explained by theorists who studied the particular subject. The view of Weber of power is quite important for understanding the relationship between power and control. In accord ance with Goverde et al. ... The above description of power has been derived by the view of Weber on the specific concept, meaning that the elements of power, as perceived by Weber, could be slightly differentiated from the description given above. In other words, the interpretation of the view of Weber of power cannot be considered as standardized, reflecting the personal view of the theorist who has tried to explain the concept of power using the work of Weber. The definition of power, as given by Weber, is the following one: ‘power is the possibility of imposing one’s will upon the behaviour of other persons’ (Weber 1954, p.323 in Vahabi, 2004, p.2). The approaches used by Weber for interpreting power are analysed in the study of Breiner (1996). The above study helps to understand also the relationship between power and control, as perceived by Weber. Breiner (1996) notes that the view of Weber on power seems to have the following form: power is considered as an advantage of political auth orities; in other words, power is not so much a right of all individuals, but primarily, a right of governors to decide on critical issues of their state. From this point of view, power is depended on control in the following way: the control on the social/ political and economic affairs of a particular state reflects the power of its governor to rule (Breiner 1996(. In other words, control is a means of governors – or politicians – in order to show their power to govern. This power is related not just to various political issues, but it can be expanded on all aspects of citizens’ daily life, including culture, sciences and business activity. In accordance with Vahabi (2004) the above description of power is quite effective, reflecting the characteristics of power when being

Human Involvement in Hazardous Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Involvement in Hazardous Evolution - Essay Example Number of species that evolved resistance to a minimum of one insecticide had gone beyond 500 by the year 1990. It takes on an average 10 years for a species to develop resistance to a particular drug (1786, 7 September 2001, Science's Compass). The evolution is caused by the change in traits of an insect that were susceptible to a particular insecticide. As a natural adaptation to the drug by genetic variation in its offspring, it supports the survival of that particular species. It appears as a genetic directional change to overcome the lethal influence of the drug. Thus evolution triggered by excessive human activities gives way to undesirable and more resistant type of insects that would put forth a new challenge that is much more difficult to overcome. I believe human activities need to have controlled commercialisation to reduce the speed of such evolution.

The Five Porter Forces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Five Porter Forces - Essay Example This is thus applicable to the Coke and Pepsi industries who are major rivals in the production of carbonated soft drinks. The structure of the concentrated producers is such that a blend of the raw material ingredient  is produced, packaged in plastic canisters and taken to the bottlers. Concentrate producers add artificial sweeteners to carbonated drinks while the bottlers add sugar or high fructose is making the process of the former to be less capital intensive than the latter. Production cost is low under the concentrate producers with little capital being used on machinery, labor and overheads and still ensuring that production can serve the whole of the United States (Greenwald & Kahn 91). Innovation and sophistication is a key goal in the firm with high investments awarded to marketing, advertising, research, promotion and bottler support. However, key emphasis is given to the development of customer development agreements with other advanced companies to promote marketing strategies and employment of many people to meet the production demand Bottlers on the other hand add sugar, carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup to the concentrates and packed it ready for delivery to customers. The sales include maximization of space, positioning of brand, setting displays and points of sale and coming up with promotional activities. The process of the bottlers is capital intensive, involves high speed and high cost the o produce a package that is of similar type and size. Much of the system is capital intensive with major investments being accounted for trucks and distribution process. The industry structure of the concentrate producers is more attractive based on the model provided by Porter on industrial framework.  

Gandhi's VS. Martin Luther King's Views on Nonviolence Essay

Gandhi's VS. Martin Luther King's Views on Nonviolence - Essay Example Nonviolence is the â€Å"doctrine, policy, or practice of rejecting violence in favor of peaceful tactics as a means of gaining political objectives† (TheFreeDictionary, 2012). Nonviolence can also mean the â€Å"abstention from the use of physical force to achieve goals† (TheFreeDictionary, 2012). While Martin Luther King considers nonviolence as the fundamental code of life in all situations irrespective of the complexity of the circumstances, Mahatma Gandhi believed in a balance between violence and nonviolence to attain a holistic control over both the external and the internal factors influencing one’s life. This paper draws a comparison between the views of Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi regarding nonviolence. Martin Luther King’s Views on Nonviolence Martin Luther King thought of the society as one unit in which if one is affected by the violence in some way, its consequences are borne by all people in the society indirectly.Therefore, the fi rst and the foremost responsibility of every citizen is to feel this sense of belongingness and concernedness when somebody experiences violence. Martin Luther King believed that a nonviolent campaign basically consists of four steps; determination of the existence of injustice by collection of facts, dialogue, self-purification, and lastly, the direct action. None of these steps imparts the need for one to be violent in one’s attempt to eradicate violence from the society and spread peace. Even the â€Å"direct action† which apparently seems to be a little rough approach towards the resolution of the matter is not-so-rough in the real sense, as it is also nonviolent. Examples of the nonviolent direct action are marches and sit-ins. The only purpose of these nonviolent direct actions is to convince the other party to conduct dialogue and negotiations with the concerned party to ease the tension. While negotiation is a fairly effective way of reducing tension between tw o or more parties, the results are not always very objective and solid because of the non-seriousness of some people in the concerned groups. Mahatma Gandhi’s Views on Nonviolence Unlike Martin Luther King, Gandhi has considered violence not only a useful but also compulsory way of attaining control over the external factors. â€Å"Violence is needed for the protection of things external, non-violence is needed for the protection of the Atma, for the protection of one’s honor† (Gandhi cited in Kripalani and Radhakrishnan, 1958, p. 86). From this quotation of Gandhi, it can be inferred that Gandhi considered one’s self to be incomplete without either of the two; violence and nonviolence. Gandhi considered that it was equally important, if not more, for an individual to be violent as nonviolent. Conclusion Comparing Gandhi’s and Martin Luther King’s views of resolution of issues, it becomes clear that Martin Luther King and Gandhi were on oppo site ends of the continuum with respect to the acceptability towards self-violence in life. Gandhi’s approach is rougher but more practical as compared to that of Martin Luther King. The approach towards the resolution of issues proposed by Marin Luther King requires an individual to display extreme endurance and patience, which does not always lead the individual to the wanted results in the right time. In the contemporary world in which discrimination and segregation on the basis of caste, creed, and culture is so common, it is beyond doubt that the ones enjoying the superior status do not like to step down to the level of the victims of discrimination and segregation so that negotiation can be carried out. The first and the foremost prerequisite of

Memorable moment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Memorable moment - Essay Example This moment also triggered the main efforts by the U.S government to combat terrorism. 2750 individuals lost their lives in New York City while 184 and 40 persons were killed at the Pentagon and Pennsylvania respectively. Subsequent reports indicated that all the involved terrorists were killed. I came to learn this through television images on my way home from my classes as I walked past a coffee shop. One would ask, to what extent was its representation in images and wording significant to this memorable moment? All television stations switched from the programs they were airing at that moment and moved to air this happening. Some of the women watching this close to me broke into tears most probably they had loved ones in those hit areas, or they were pushed by anger and patriotism. This imagery of that moment haunts me to date making it a memorable moment. The images of people being saved from the ramble, the smoke, the sirens and all other factors defining this day can and will never be erased from my

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The article is in response to the issue of globalization and the need to for a common language to facilitate it. This relates to the concept of culture and its influence, as well as difficulty in communication using non-standard native language. This is by revealing the need for the global society to communicate with ease whether it is in business or cross cultural as seen in the case of Sweden. This is also in terms of other languages having increased numbers of native speakers, as Chinese, but the need to communicate on a cross-cultural basis. Ergo necessitating a common language a position English has proven capable of filling as is demonstrated in the discourse. Concerning ethos, Seth creates credibility in his article by showing accurate command of the topic at hand and citing credible experts in the fields of linguistics and English. The experts include linguists and skeptics such as Nicholas Olster and David Crystal who give expert opinion on issues regarding English as a glob al language (Mydans). Nicholas Purports that while Latin might have appeared set to dominate the world in the 15th century, English is the language to watch in post-20th century times. Crystal on the other hand agrees that English is no doubt dominant in the world than any other language has ever been; nevertheless, he does not commit himself to predict its relevance as interminable. In addition, the author pays attention to other aspects of different language such as Hindi, Phoenician, and Chinese to show cultural differences and their impact on English as a global language these work towards building a strong base for making his claims and facts solid. This is because he presents them as languages that could have a claim to global dominance by virtue of the number of native speakers. He however explains that many parents teach their children English as a second language â€Å"to help them become citizens of an increasingly intertwined world.† Basic knowledge of linguistics is sufficient for one to understand that a language gains prominence not due to its intrinsic structural or lexical configuration but the number of people accepting and learning it as a second language. By conceding to this fact, and undertaking to provide a rational explanation as to why they are not global languages, he appeals to the reader’s sense of logic and hence earns himself credibility points by his objective explanations. Moreover, the writer’s objectivity portrays the writer’s attitude as neutral and unbiased since he evidently is supporting the dominant status of English because of empirical evidences. Based on the writer’s seemly skeptical point of view and the fact that the article appeared on one of America’s prominent newspapers and is available online, his primary audience was no doubt skeptics, and anyone looking for information on the future of English and its globalization. The article’s global outreach makes any global citizen with access to the paper online possibly accidentally (as they may not have been looking for the information), or in related linguistic research a conceivable secondary audience. The attitude or stand of the writer is that of a skeptic as it is based on plenty of speculation, especially on the issue of its

Is Hip Hop a Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is Hip Hop a Culture - Essay Example It started with house parties at the home of Clive Campbell, or DJ Kool Herc, as he is known, a figure that is widely associated as "the father of Hip Hop" (Hess, 2007). Overtime, the parties became more frequent, attendance grew and the movement spread across the borough. The pioneering stage of Hip Hop was developing at these parties, with Jamaican-inspired events such as impromptu toasting or loud, boastful poetry reading about current events and hardships the main highlights of the soirees. The location of the inception of Hip Hop, and the period in modern American history in which this happened are not a coincidence. The 1970s were a time where social classes were further being cemented in urban cities across America, and the Black youth was feeling resentful towards their dismal standards of living. Furthermore, street gangs were aplenty in the streets of South Bronx at the time, as they still are today, a sign of the struggle with poverty of the region. Due to the competitiven ess of the gangs, Hip Hop evolved further as it became a lot about the gangs beating each other in the form of graffiti, or rap, or breakdancing, as opposed to beating each other up (Rose, 2008). And so, it was recognized that the kids of the Bronx and other such beaten down neighborhoods could shape their violent urges into creative ones, and crews focusing on dance, graffiti, rap music began cropping up in the form of Zulu Nation (Rahn, 2002). Over time, the movement gained enough attention to garner dedicated articles and documentaries. Therefore, Hip Hop came to be. While it is true that Hip Hop may have been the result of the united creativity of some poor American kids, what it has grown into is something much bigger. Many argue that it is now one of the most important modern cultures of all time, having an effect on teenagers and the young worldwide (Price, 2006). The incentive behind these frequent get-togethers was to let troubled teenagers stay out of trouble, out of the s treets and to give them an outlet for their frustrations without any physical danger to them or anyone else. There are, of course, many critics weighing in on how valuable Hip Hop has been to American kids and the society in general (Lewis, 2009). Many people around the United States of America, and the world, too, argue that Hip Hop has been a negative influence on the youth. It is widely known and acknowledged that Hip Hop came into existence as a distraction for the economically depressed youth of the Bronx. Many of the active players in this movement were Black teenagers, mostly boys that were also in gangs. Over time, this image of Hip Hop has not changed much and instead, has been propagated by music videos that glorify sex, drugs and weapons. Many argue that Hip Hop is an art belonging to the hooligans of society. Moreover, many music videos frequently portray rich Black men visiting clubs and bars, dancing with barely dressed women rapping about money and sex. In fact, many a time, Hip Hop dancers and rappers are frequently associated with criminal tendencies, and do not always harbor a stellar reputation among the more conservative and orthodox members of society. Many experts had recommended that Hip Hop be given official

India a Global Economic Super Power Essay Example for Free

India a Global Economic Super Power Essay New parts of the world that were not long ago considered undeveloped, backwater countries, are now taking center stage in the global economy. Much has been publicized about the ascendance of Chinas economy, as it has become a major venue for the manufacturing of products sought after by worldwide consumers eager for cheaper goods. However, Chinas Asian neighbor, India, also has a vigorously growing economy. Indias economy is partly being fueled by companies around the world seeking to reduce their costs by outsourcing some of their operations there. A March 9, 2005 article in the International Herald Tribune reported that within 30 years, India is projected to have the worlds third largest economy and more people than China. Russell DSouza, International Credit Risk Manager for Hallmark International, pointed out that India implemented modern, capitalistic economic reforms in the early 1990s that are producing positive results. The Tribune article reported that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who as Finance Minister championed these reforms, proposed major investments in his first budget for education, modernizing Indias colonial-era infrastructure, and lowering tariffs. DSouza also noted India has modernized its banking regulations. India has liberalized its laws to allow foreign banks to take over branches. Local Indian private banks are allowed to set up foreign bank branches. The banking rules have been liberalized considerably. The CIA World Factbooks website estimates that by July 2005, Indias population will be slightly fewer than 1. 1 billion, of nearly 16 percent of the worlds population, not far behind Chinas, which is projected to be 1. 3 billion. Market Place PRI, a business radio program, reported on March 14, 2005 that a recent economic survey predicted India would grow at 7 percent this year. However, the report went on to assert that many economic analysts say that India needs to improve its infrastructure. DSouza, who grew up in India but now lives in the U. S, experienced the problems India has with the Lagging state of much of its infrastructure. Youve got an infrastructure that is woeful. Its one of Indias biggest Achilles heels. Its worse than Chinas. Just the sheer size of its growing middle class provides a huge potential market for India-based companies. DSouza said the size of Indias middle class is over 200 million people. Consumer goods are exploding in India. There are people with cash like Ive never seen before. Indias geopolitical importance and stature are growing too. U. S. foreign policy officials view India, with its strategic location, as an important counter-balance to the growing political and military power of China. U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice began a six-nation tour of Asia in India on March 16. An article that same day in the Tribune noted that analysts in Delhi viewed her stop there as a positive sign the United States was eager to underline Indias increasing importance on the U. S. foreign policy agenda. Talks between Rice and Singh focused on defense and military cooperation, economy and trade and synergies in energy and environmental protection. India possesses some advantages that make it especially suited to provide less expensive business services for companies. China, on the other hand, has excelled in the manufacture of cheaper products. The two main advantages for India is that it has an estimated 200 million people who speak English and also a world-class education system. India is a bilingual country, DSouza said. He noted this is a byproduct of its former status as a British colony. It has an advantage over China, he said, in that respect. The educational system in India has produced a significant number of chartered accountants, doctors, MBAs, lawyers, research analysts and other professionals, many of whom will work in India for much less than their professional counterparts in the U. S. and Europe. Alok Aggarwal, Co-founder of Evalueserve, which offers business intelligence, market research and intellectual property services to clients in North America, Europe and Asia, noted there are two types of services offered on an outsourced basis. Business Process Outsourcing, or BPO, involves more routine processing of data. Ravi Aron, Professor of operations and information management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, said examples of BPO involve more routine functions where there is a predefined way of doing tasks or even reaching conclusions, as in data entry, accounts maintenance and customer service activities such as those performed at call centers. BPOs typically provide such services as setting up bank accounts, selling an insurance policy and voice and e-mail-based computer support. Aggarwal said that a higher Level of service than BPO is called Knowledge Process Outsourcing or KPO. KPO involves high-end processes such as investment research and Legal and insurance claims processing. In a March 21, 2005 article in the Indiatimes News Network, Pavan Bagai, Vice President, strategic businesses, EXL said, Imagine unsorted data going through a black box and coming out as useful information. In KPOs the black box is your mind. There is no predefined process to reach a conclusion. In either BPO or KPO, India often offers a huge cost savings potential over those functions being performed by American workers in the U. S.  Aron said that in credit card-related functions, the cost of an American worker, including benefits and overhead, ranges from $48-55 per hourwhile in India, those costs are only $18-24. A report by Hay Associates estimated that the fully burdened costs of an accounting clerk in Stamford, CT, is $69 per hour, while in Bangalore, India it is $4 per hour. (Though Alok disputes that number saying that currently the loaded costs in Bangalore would be $7-$8 per hour the cost differential is still staggering. ) French Associates reported that a $50,000 U.  S. clerical worker would cost only $10,000 in India and would be a top graduate. This huge gap in employee direct and indirect costs is even more dramatic with KPO services. When you go with high-end work thats when the game gets interesting, Aron said. He said employee costs per hour for an equity research analyst in the U. S. would range from $230-$250 while in India it would only be about $30. Should you find it suitable to relocate, (to one of the countries that offers much cheaper employee costs) you will experience huge savings, Aron said. If you look al the labor cost difference there is a 5-1 to 8-1 cost factor, added Aggarwal, whose firm actually provides equity research and investment banking research services. American doctors are very hard workingbut they dont work five times harder than Indian doctors. The March 21 Indiatimes Network article reported that India, with its knowledge base and lower costs, will be leading the pack in the race for KPO business. The article referred to a report by Evalueserve that India will capture more than 70 percent of the KPO territory by 2010. Indias software trade body reported that export revenues from software outsourcing will reach $17. 3 billion in the fiscal year ending March 2005. In a presentation by Marc Vollenweider, President and CEO of Evalueserve, it was projected that by 2010 India will have about 1. 1 million people employed in BPO. According to Vollenweider, U. S. companies may be compelled to outsource due to his projection of a labor shortage. According to his figures, by fiscal year 2010, the U. S. is projected to experience a shortfall of 5. 4 million workers. In that same timespan, the U. Ks shortfall is projected to be . million workers. Vollenweiders presentation concluded that, Global Sourcing has become an economic imperative for the developed nations to maintain and sustain their historical and current growth. Offshoring IT and BPO services to low-wage destinations provides a viable solution to developed nations who are struggling against the significant shortage of skilled labor. Evalueserve projects that by 2010 India will have 820,000 employed in low-end BPO services generating total revenues of USD 18 billion and 250,000 workers employed in high-end KPO services generating USD 12 billion. A number of major U.  S. -based corporations have set up operations in India or have outsourced certain business services to Indian firms. A report by French Associates indicated India has become a venue for major development centers for IBM and Microsoft. Major corporations like Ford, JP Morgan Chase and HP are currently setting up operations there. General Electric, however, probably has utilized the manpower resources of India more extensively than any other major American Corporation. GEs involvement in India began in September 1989, according to a front-page, March 23, 2005, The Wall Street Journal article. Al that time, then-CEO Jack Welch flew to India for a sales meeting to sell products to India. During that stop in India, Welch met with Indian government officials who pitched him the idea of having some of his companys needs provided by its emerging high-tech sector. Today, The WSJ article pointed out, India earns more than $17 billion from corporations worldwide seeking low-cost overseas talent Although GE is hesitant about taking credit for a trend that has taken many American jobs overseas, most corporate observers agree GE played a major role in the outsourcing boom. The WSJ article further noted that in 1995, GE created GE Capital International Services, now known as Gecis, to handle backroom work and market analysis. In 1999 Gecis established the first international call center in India and in 2000 GE opened a research center in Bangalore to tap the skills of Indian engineers. The WSJ article reported that in November 2004, GE sold a controlling interest in Gecis and now the company will seek business from other companies. French Associates estimated that GE had 5,000 FTEs (full-time equivalents) in India in 2000. That number grew to 12,000 FTEs by the end of 2003. The WSJ article also reported that in 2000, GE opened the Jack F. Welch Technology Center in Bangalore that employs thousands of researchers working on everything from new refrigerators to jet engines. A recent GE report indicated the company plans to spend about $600 million this year on computer-software development from Indian companies. Val Venable, CCE, Credit Manager for GE Advanced Materials, in reference to GEs outsourcing efforts in India, said, We certainly have been a major player. For our company and a lot of companies, youre always looking for quality suppliers at low cost. It makes business sense to do it. Venable, who spoke in India in late March during a five-week business trip there, said that her operations are split between the U. S. and India. Part of my collections team sits in the U. S. and some of it is in India. She said that employee allocation between that in the U. S. and India is proportional to the workload. If I have 70 percent of my people in India, I look to have 70 percent of my work there. My people in the U. S. have a lot more credit experience, so they do a lot of the credit decisions. In Venables case, even though GE does not wholly own Gecis anymore, it has not changed her operations. My relationship with my team has not changed. We work together and we have sub-teams. For our credit and collections teams we didnt see a difference. My people from the India and the U. S. have been trained the same. The cost savings of operations in India arent just confined to personnel expenses Venable said. Its not just the cost of the people. Over here I have different IT costs and I have different training costs. She acknowledged that many Indian employees are well educated and enthusiastic about their work. Theres a huge emphasis on education here. Its their first experience in business. On the issue that some Americans have complained about not being able to understand customer services representatives in India, Venable said, Some of my team have fairly strong accents, but have you ever called Texas of Mississippi? They have accents too. We usually work on that. Thats part of the service to the customers. An unavoidable drawback Venable mentioned of outsourced services emanating from India to American consumers is, If youre going to have a team in India, theres a time zone difference. She said the time zone difference between India and the U. S. is 9. 5 hours and 4. 5 hours between India and the U. K. She san the time zone difference actually has not been a major problem for her operations. The areas around the call centers are becoming a 24-hour culture. Probably in the next 20 years were going to have virtual offices and it wont matter where people sit. Does everybody need to sit in the same room? Probably not. †

Advertising And The Sales Promotional Schemes

Advertising And The Sales Promotional Schemes The advertisement done today is far more different then the old era. Now, the emergence of new technology, the growth in the internet usage, rapidly changing environment, changing way of communications, fragmentation of mass markets, growing economies, and globalization has changed the overall marketing to use different other communication mediums and techniques with the old ones (newspapers, TV and Radio). Every day we are bombarded with different advertising messages whether it is on the radio while were driving to work, on television during our favorite programs, or in magazines and newspapers. Advertising has entered every area of our lives, and many of us choose to ignore it on many occasions. This might cause one to ask, can advertising and promotional efforts still are effective if people are so saturated with information? The answer is yes, advertising and promotions can be effective if used properly for targeting the right consumer. One of the main rules in advertising has always been to keep message simple and consistent and repeat it often. It has been shown that people remember advertising if they see it with great frequency, which explains why while watching hours of television one may see the same advertisement two or even three times even more. That way the message will positioned in ones mind. Integrated Marketing Communication One of the most important aspects of advertising and promoting a product or service is consistency. Companies ensure the consistency of their message by coordinating all of their promotional activities. This coordination of activities into a system or strategic plan is referred as integrated marketing communications (IMC). IMC creates a unified message and enhances the effectiveness of reaching the target consumer. Firms will create one message that will be used consistently throughout a marketing campaign. It is important that the promotional strategy also be in alignment with the organizational goals. There are three major aspects of an IMC plan:- Research Creative Aspects Implementation. Research and analysis are used to find the best way to design the product or service the most effective message and media to use and the best means to distribute the product or service at the optimal price. The creative aspect is the actual advertising, copywriting and designing of promotional materials. Implementation is the act of putting the plan together, creating a strategy and seeing it through. Planning an integrated marketing communications plan also means finding target market determining what is unique about the product offering or service providing constructing a positioning strategy for product or service deciding what the best message would be for product and choosing the optimal marketing mix in relation to allowed marketing budget. Ideally an effective IMC campaign will differentiate the product or service from a competitors generate a flow of leads be consistent with and support the overall branding strategy cause the company to have a more prominent place in the market. Communicate the companys experience and knowledge and help to retain existing customers. The Promotional Mix The promotional mix is the use of different advertising and communication channels in a coordinated way to run an effective marketing campaign. These coordinated campaigns are part of an effective integrated marketing communications plan. The four main methods of promotion within the mix are:- Advertising Sales Promotion Personal Selling Public Relations The most important factor in determining the optimal mix is identifying the target market. This can be determined through extensive market research. Once a company knows its target market it can then research its use of various media outlets in order to come up with the best combination of marketing materials to reach the defined target. For example if the target market is stay-at-home moms, an organization might find that television advertisements during certain daytime television shows are most effective for reaching them. If the target market is a young professional, the marketer might find that using billboards in a downtown commercial district and morning drive time radio advertisements are effective for getting the message to this target market. The size of the promotional budget will greatly influence the chosen mix as well. Television advertising can be very costly and therefore may not be a feasible option for a company with a smaller marketing budget at least not during pri me viewing hours on major networks. Often the amount of money a firm spends on promotional activities will be affected by the product life cycle general economic conditions and the competition. The promotional mix may involve a company coordinating its loyalty program with advertising campaigns and a promotional deal. Advertising Advertising is paid communication brought to audiences through different forms of media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines and billboards. A company uses advertising to inform, persuade or remind its target market of its products or services. Comparative advertising is used to differentiate a companys products in the marketplace from other similar products. For example The Pepsi Challenge campaign was a form of comparative advertising in which consumers were asked to take blind taste tests to see if they could tell the difference between the products. Coca-Cola uses reminder ads to show us how refreshing the beverage can be on a hot day. 1.4. Different Medium of Advertising and Sales Promotion Advertising Mediums There are advantages and disadvantages to each media type and when selecting the advertising mediums to use companies must understand who their target audience is and which the most effective method for reaching them is. Marketers must be able to divide their budgets among the various media resources in order to stretch them the farthest to reach the most customers. Television Television advertising is the leading medium for reaching Indian audiences. Although a very expensive form of advertising, television ads reach the largest percentage of the Indian population at once and can be very appealing due to their visual nature as well as their sound. TV ads can be classified into national, local, and cable advertisements. The type of network chosen will depend on which audience the marketer is trying to reach. If the advertisement is for a local restaurant the company may choose to advertise only on local stations or in local ad space on cable channels or national networks. The time an advertisement is shown is also an important decision that companies must make in order to reach the target audience. Budgetary constraints will also be a factor in choosing time slots for advertisements. Print Advertisements Advertising in newspapers and magazines is another way of reaching customers with a companys message. Print ads are effective because of their visual quality and can be run in many different types of publications. Marketers selling products or services to consumers may choose national publications such as India Today or local newspapers such as the Times of India and Hindustan Times. Businesses trying to sell products or services to other businesses will often advertise in trade publications of the industries they are trying to reach. Companies may also target specialized publications for example a new computer product may be advertised in PC World or another specialty technology publication. Print ads have a longer life than electronic media ads and are good for telling a story about the value of a product or service. Radio Although lacking the visual appeal radio can be an effective medium for reaching target consumers. The average radio listener tunes in for three hours a day and often on a regular basis. When using radio advertisements in marketing mix it is necessary to make sure that the company and product or service is clearly identified. As with television it is also necessary to find the right station for advertising to the target consumer. If your service is a bar for college students you may choose to advertise in the evenings on a college station or an alternative rock station and if your target audience is senior citizens you may advertise on news stations or a talk show. Internet The Internet has become an important electronic medium and its interactive quality is unique. It permits immediacy of purchase and a high level of convenience. It can be personalized and individualized. The Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming essential tools in an integrated marketing plan and effective tools in sustaining customer loyalty and satisfaction. Direct Mail Mailing advertisements or promotions directly to peoples homes is another commonly used method of reaching consumers. Direct mail campaigns can be expensive due to printing and postage costs but these campaigns can be effective if the mailings reach the right consumers. Often companies will purchase lists of consumers or collect data themselves to build a mailing list. The people on these lists will then be sent targeted mailings. Telemarketing The utilization of telemarketing has been greatly affected in India by the recent implementation of the national Do Not Call registry, where millions of Indians signed up to have their telephone numbers removed from telemarketer lists. Internationally however regulations regarding telemarketing vary and it may still be a very effective method of reaching consumers. The downside of telemarketing is that most people do not like the invasiveness of being called at home though unfortunately many mass marketers find the risk of offending non receptive households is offset by the effective results and benefits from these marketing methods. Outdoor and Out of Home The majority of outdoor advertising rupees are spent on billboards. Billboards are a popular way of reaching commuters and consumers in a single geographic location. Other forms of outdoor advertising known as out of home include sports stadium ads, bus shelter posters, or signage on buses and taxis. Advertising Trends A very popular way of getting a message across is using celebrity endorsements. Advertising companies are willing to pay money in order to hire celebrities to represent their brands. Celebrities are part of an advertising message and campaign. Of course using a celebrity spokesperson can be a risk. When choosing a celebrity to endorse products, it is important to find an appropriate match with the product or service. The relationship should be believable. It is also important that the celebrities endorsing the product be credible. They should either have expertise in the field or be trustworthy characters. Sponsorships This is a well-used form of promotion and advertising that allows the company to buy into a sporting event or activity. The amount of investment in a sponsorship can range from an athletic company supporting a college sports team by providing them with brand-name uniforms in order to promote the brand to a company sponsoring a cricket game. For example Pepsi and Coke use to take sponsorship of cricket time to time. Infomercials Another trend in advertising is the infomercial. This is an extended television advertisement and usually runs at off peak hours or on lower-budget television or cable networks. Infomercials are usually at least a half hour long. Some of the most popular items that are sold through infomercials are fitness videos, skin care products and kitchenware. Often they will feature celebrity endorsements and offer products that cannot be purchased in stores. Their low-budget appearance and late-night showing often characterize infomercials. Once the consumer is convinced to purchase the product he or she will then be able to call and order the product over the telephone generating a direct response to the infomercial. Sales Promotion Sales promotion consists of many activities used to sell products. They are activities that give consumers a short-term incentive to make a purchase. Sales promotions are also activities that change the price and value relationship of a product as perceived by the target audience with the possible effect of generating immediate sales. It is possible that a sales promotion can also alter the long term value of the brand by making what might be a premium product more affordable. Sales promotions are generally time-bound programs that require participation on the part of the consumer through either immediate purchase or some other action. The fundamental goals of sales promotion are tactical, strategic and ultimate. The tactical goals are to combat a competitors increase in market share to combat other competitors promotional efforts and to move brands that are either declining, overstocked, damaged or not selling fast enough. The strategic goals are to motivate consumers to switch from a rival brand to increase product consumption to reinforce the marketing communications efforts for the brand and to motivate brand loyalty. The ultimate goal of a sales promotion is to increase sales, profits and market share. There are different channels for sales promotions which include consumer promotions and trade promotions. Consumer Promotions Consumer promotions are geared toward getting consumers to try a companys products. Some examples of consumer promotion activities include coupons, rebates, sampling, sweepstakes, point-of-purchase displays and special packs. Coupons Whether we cut coupons from newspapers and magazines or getting them in the mail, coupons are a very popular form of sales promotion. They are very effective especially in economic downturns for luring people into restaurants or causing them to make repeat purchases of products. E-coupons are another popular form of sales promotion they are extremely effective for luring in customers and are redeemed by 57 percent of the people who click on them. The most popular uses of e-coupons are for sales of groceries, books and health and music products. The disadvantage of coupons is that they do not encourage brand loyalty most consumers who use coupons regularly are willing to switch brands if there is a better discount available. Rebates Rebates are partial refunds that are offered by the manufacturers. Often manufacturers will use mail-in rebates as incentives for purchasing. The consumer must purchase the product at full price and then fill out paperwork and mail in the receipt in order to receive some money back. Rebate programs allow marketers to promote a companys product at a reduced poster bate price also called MRP offering a substantial savings to its customers but also requiring that a set of conditions be met to qualify. Sampling Companies will often send or hand out samples of products in order to attract customers who may not have purchased their products otherwise. Beverage companies may target college students and hand out soft drinks on campuses, or a food company may set up a stand in a grocery store so that consumers can sample their new chips. You may even receive a trial bottle of shampoo in the mail or you may remember receiving the India Online (IOL) CD in the mail offering 100 free hours of Internet access. These are all examples of sampling, and the intention of these promotions is to introduce a new product or service to a consumer in order to generate brand loyalty. Sampling can be a costly method of attracting customers and it often results in wasted distribution however it can be a very effective method for getting consumers to switch brands. Sweepstakes and Contests Sweepstakes and contests are another strategy of sales promotion. Data will be collected from consumers and they will be entered to win a prize. Companies can use the information that they collect from entrants in order to develop a mailing list for future promotional campaigns. Organizations must be sure to print all the guidelines for their sweepstakes or contests in order to avoid legal entanglements. Some of the guidelines companies should follow in order to put on a successful sweepstakes promotion include the following:- Clarify who is eligible Indicate states where the promotion is not valid Declare the termination date of the promotion Clarify random drawing procedures Companies should also detail the prizes disclose the odds of winning declare a deadline for entry and reserve the right to use winners names and photographs for publicity. Point-of-Purchase Displays Point-of-purchase (POP) promotional materials are displays that are set up in stores in order to prominently display products. At a grocery store a POP is usually placed in front of the store, at the end of an aisle, in the aisle or on the shelf. POP displays are very successful due to the fact that many people make last-minute purchasing decisions. Bundling Sometimes companies bundle products together in order to promote a new product or to encourage consumers to try a complementary product such as a free small conditioner bundled with a shampoo purchase or a free disposable razor with a shaving cream purchase. A company may also offer a bonus pack or a special pack with 20 percent more in order to encourage a customer to purchase a product. Give a ways Another strategy used by companies is that of special promotional items to be given away. These may be hats or T-shirts advertising the company or brand. For example, many times credit card Advertising

Learning Disabilities Effects On Children and Students

Learning Disabilities Effects On Children and Students Adam did not pass some of his subjects in the fourth grade while his mothers trust that this problem is connected to his low reading skill. Although that Adam has passed his reading skill, but he just only get the lowest grade grade D or sometime get grade C. Due to this problem, Adam mother very worry about it and talk with the fourth grade teacher. The teacher show that Adam is not only the lowest level reading group and he also have other several problem like difficult to spell out and the writing skill is poor. In spite of this problem, Adam does not have any difficult in the math because he always can get grade B in that subject. So, Adam mother did not understand because he studies very hard every night but still get the lowest grade. ( Bender, 2008, p. 5 ) From this situation, it show that Adam have infected learning disabilities. From 1977 and 1995, the percentages of students have learning disabilities from 1.8 percent increase to 5.8 percent. These show that numbers of st udents have learning disabilities have increased almost 200 percents in less than 20 years ( Kaufman Kaufman, 2001, as cited in US Office of Education, 1996 ) and 48 percent of those with learning disabilities did not have any people wanted to employ them. ( Statistics on Learning Disabilities, n.d. ). Learning disabilities will become a very serious problems if still did not overcome it. What is learning disability? Learning disabilities is different with physical disabilities; it is a disorder that affects people that what they see, hear to link the information from the different part of the brain.(Kenyon, 2003) Learning disabilities cannot be seen, so it very difficult to detect someone that have learning disabilities and it is different from one person to another person which means that one person that has learning disabilities which may have different kind of problem from the other people that have learning disabilities. With a person that has learning disabilities, their brain working structure is differently with a normal person because it affected a person ability to speak, write, hear, calculate, and so on. Until now, many researches is done to find out the causes of learning disabilities, but it still not yet sure as to the causes because people that have learning disabilities have different in their person brain works and how it process information. They just have three general reasons that cause learning disabilities. Firstly is inheritance. This can be happen because some is come through genetic factors that means that their parent has learning disabilities that causes their son affected on learning disabilities. Moreover, it is very easy to find people that with learning disabilities with parent, children, relatives, and so on. Learning disabilities is mostly people have affected because it did not like other diseases that easily to find out and most of people are did not care about it. Secondly is problem during pregnancy and birth. This can be happen because some of the mother may be influence to the other diseases that cause their child affected to it. Besides that, some of the mother that smoking during pregnancy that can causes the child learning disabilities because the cigarette that contains tobacco that can spoils the child brain system. Moreover, alcohol also can affect because alcohol is dangerous to the fetus developing brain and may distort the developing neurons. The child that low birth weight that below 5 pounds is also very risky because it may be very easily to get varies of problem including learning disabilities. Lastly is the incident after birth. This can happen because some of the parents are did not take care well of their children that may causes their child head injured. This may causes their child affected learning disabilities. Moreover, child that has not enough nutrition and exposure to toxic substance like cadmium, lead, and so on may causes the child affected learning disabilities. Learning disabilities have divided into four parts, which is motor disorder, math disorder, reading disorder and writing disorder. Motor disorder is also call as dyspraxia that it have problem on the movement and coordination whether it is with fine motor skills or gross motor skills. (Kemp, Segal Cutter, 2010 ) Until now, scientist still cannot figure out the causes of the motor disorder while the expert believe that is the nerve cells that control motor neurons is not develop well, so that the brain need a longer time to transfer and process the data. The symptom of the motor disorder is more easily found during the childhood, because they may take a longer time to do something like sit, stand, walk and so on. To treat the motor difficult, there are have three type of therapy. First is the occupational therapy, this therapy is an occupational therapist will observe the child how the child manage the daily activity in home and school then the therapist will help the child to develo p some specific skill for the event that may be troublesome for them. Another is speech and language therapy, for this therapy, therapist will carry out some assessment of the child speech then help the child to communicate with other people more accurate and the last is perceptual motor training. This training is to improve the child language, movement, visual, and skill so that the child will not become stressful or frustrated in the future. Math disorders is also called as dyscalculia which means that a person that difficulties to learning concepts of math. Children that have math difficult does not remember the math facts, confuse with the math operations especially the multi step process, difficulties in language processing that may affect to complete math problem solving, delay in counting, and so on. The cause of the math disorder is the language and the visual processing centres of the brain that causes child that have math difficult to solve the math question. Moreover, math disorder also may be inherited by their parents or can be a problem on the brain development during the pregnancy. To treat math disorder, we can work help them to visualise the math problem by drawing a diagram or picture then explain it to them to let them understand on it. Besides that, we can use math game to let them practice the concept of math. By using this method, it can teach them the basic fact of the math and lastly is the teacher and parent never give up, because people that have math disorder may need a lot of time to solve a question, so teachers or parents need to be a little bit extra effort to teach them. Reading disorders is also called as dyslexia which means a person is having a difficult to read it and spell it. Reading disorder mostly happen during the early grade of schooling that it mostly obvious will show that the child was frustrated by the difficulty to read or spell out a word. This will causes the child become low self-esteem and depression and finally become unmotivated and will hate going to school. Besides that, reading disorder will cause a lot of problem like very difficult to identify a word, difficult to create a new idea or images, difficult to understanding word or vocabulary, and so on. What causes reading disorder? Reading disorder is causes by the impairment of the brain ability to send the images from the eye, ear to the brain into understandable language. Besides that, reading disorder also may hereditary from their parents. To treat the reading disorder, teacher can make the reading easier which means that by using flash card or tape in the classroom to hel p more easily to remember all the words, moreover, we also need to give extra time for child that have reading disorder especially during exam because they need a lot of time to finish and show to their children what they have learned. ( Bailet, 2009 ) Besides that, teacher and parent also need to help them to catch up all the words that they may be forgotten. Writing disorder is also called as dysgraphia means that a person that difficult to say out something through writing. It generally prefer to bad hand writing. ( Dysgraphia, n.d.) So, children that have affected in this writing disorder will need a lot of time to write out all the words. Most of children that have learning disabilities, they write out words that very difficult to read and understanding. Besides that, the size or the shape of the words will not consistency that means the words will from smaller to bigger or bigger to smaller. People that have writing disabilities will struggle when they need to use writing as communication with each other. Writing disorder can be happening is only having three reasons. The most reason is poor motor skills, motor skill is controlling our body muscle that support our movement, writing and so on. If a person that motor skill poor, he will be very difficult to have a good writing skill. To treat this writing disorder, multi sensory teachi ng method can be used by to teacher to develop the students skills through play, hand strengthening exercises and so on. (Dysgraphia treatment for school age kids, n.d. ) Teachers can let their student play practicing letter words in sand, jigsaws and so on to let them to develop the writing skills. For the hand strengthening method, can let the students have writing disorder playing tennis, badminton to strength their hand muscle so that they can have a good writing skills. On the above mention all the type of learning disabilities that happen on the children or students. For the parent that their son or daughter that have learning disabilities, they can do something to help their son or daughter like praise them when he or she done well, because children that have learning disabilities are very less can do something very well. So, it can pursue them to learn their strengths and talents. (Learning disability (cont), n.d.) Besides that, parents must always pay attention to their own children, it means that pay attention to their mental health because when their children was frustrated to the homework that they may feel that they need a lot of time to finish it. So, parent should console their children to make them feel better. Despite that, parents should find out a way that learning method is suitable to their child. This means that parent should know their children learn something by using listening, looking, practice, and so on. So that, parent can us ing their children learning method to improve their children strength. While for the teacher, teacher should give more time to the students that have learning disabilities. Teacher should give a lot time especially in their homework, because most of the students that have learning disabilities, they need a lot of time to do their homework, so that they will not feel frustrated on their homework. Besides that, teachers should allow the students that have writing disorder using computer that have recognize speech or grammar check, so that it can help them to study well in the academic. Moreover, teachers can involved by teaching them by specially them writing until the students writing skills become more and more prefect. In the conclusion, learning disabilities is become more and more common in the world. In United State of America, they are almost 2.5 million students are having special treatment for learning disabilities. (LD Fast Facts, n.d.) So, we must have the general knowledge about the learning disabilities and also type of the learning disabilities like reading disorder, writing disorder, motor disorder and math disorder. Besides that, parent should take more care about their son or daughter that have learning disabilities because they also will feel frustrated when they need a lot of time to finish their homework and the teacher also needed to help their students to have learning disabilities so that they can a lot of things. Moreover, teacher and parents should figure out their children/students strengths, so that teachers and parents can use it to improve their student/children strength or talent.

Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay - I Want to Die -- Euthanasia Physici

Death and dying are a natural part of our lives. Not a day goes by that we do not take the chance of being run over by a car while running, being stabbed in a robbery, or being poisoned by bacteria in our food. In all of these cases, we have very little choice in deciding our fate. But what about those cases when we can do something to affect the dying process? What if we can decide whether we wish to live or die? For most of us, that is still uncharted territory, and just the thought of it chills us to the bone. Euthanasia is one such opportunity where a person can affect the dying process. It is not, as many people believe, a case of a physician killing a patient, but instead, a case where a patient who is facing a prolonged, painful, and, finally, terminal illness can make a conscious and reasoned choice to end his or her suffering early and in a dignified manner. It is the purpose of this paper to prove to you that euthanasia in the form of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) should be legalized. That a person facing a terminal illness should have the opportunity, and the right, to choose to die in a dignified manner when faced with a prolonged and terminal illness. That a physician should not be restrained in committing an act which might be in the best interest of a patient. And that if legalized, it would be possible to protect the patient's interests through regulation, and in effect, make euthanasia a perfectly safe choice for a patient. One of the reasons that the idea of euthanasia antagonizes people is that the mere thought of the word brings to mind pictures of WWII Nazi atrocities. There is a big difference, however, between what Nazi Germany considered euthanasia, and what proponents today con... ...however, we do not address these issues soon and attempt to solve them collectively, there will be a greater chance of something going wrong . Works Cited A Model State Act to Authorize and Regulate Physician-Assisted Suicide. http://www.efn.org/~ergo/mdlact.shtml 2 June 2007. Alcorn, Gay. "First Assisted Suicide Under Euthanasia Law." Sydney Morning Herald. 26 Sep. 1996. 2 June 2007. Helme, Tim. Proposals for a Euthanasia Procedure. http://www.islandnet.com/~deathnet/ergo.htm 28 Apr. 2007. Hoefler, James M. Deathright: Culture, Medicine, Politics, and Their Right to Die. With Brian E. Kamoie. U.S.: Westview, 2004. Misbin, Robert I., et al. "Physician Responsibility for Euthanasia." Euthanasia: The Good of the Patient, the Good of Society. Frederick: University Publishing Group, 2002.

The Alaskan wilderness :: Environment, Fishing, Hunting

The Alaskan wilderness is one of the most controversial topics discussed in the United States today. There are many different opinions and regulations pertaining to certain topics affecting the natural landscape of Alaska. One such topic is hunting for brown bear. While these massive animals face no current danger of being wiped out as a result of hunting, it is still a controversial and constantly debated issue. Over ninety-five percent of the United States’ brown bear resides in Alaska. Brown bears are one of the more appealing attractions for visitors to Alaska. According to the Alaskan Outdoor Journal, there are places all throughout Alaska that are designated brown bear viewing areas (Alaska Outdoor Journal, 2010). However many who come to Alaska for the brown bear don’t simply come to observe. Instead, they come for the hunt. These animals are constantly hunted for sport, and since they reproduce at a very low rate, this has the potential to jeopardize the total p opulation of the brown bear. Overall, I believe that brown bear hunting should remain legal. According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the brown bear is located all throughout Alaska, mostly in areas that allow them to seasonally hunt salmon (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). This allows them to become larger and live in higher concentrations than the grizzly bear. The traditional brown bear and the grizzly bear are actually both classified as brown bears, despite having several differences in appearance. Brown bears are one of the most fascinating and powerful species in the Alaskan wilderness. Cubs are usually born during January or February, usually in groups of one to four (Alaska Fish & Game). A fully grown, male brown bear can weigh up for 1,500 pounds and be over 10 feet in stature (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). Brown bears also have the ability to run at speeds up to 40 mph for short bursts of time (Alaska Fish & Game). All of these unique characteristics make many people upset that it is legal to hunt them. There are several groups that are working to conserve the brown bear population, particularly in Alaska, such as The Northern Forum’s Brown Bear Working Group (Fish & Wildlife Journal, 2010). The bear population in Alaska is thriving and is classified as a status of least concern, by the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2010). Overall, the brown bear population faces no danger whatsoever.

The Spread of People, Agriculture, and Disease Essay -- Agricultural D

The Spread of People, Agriculture, and Disease It is obvious that as humans have traveled and exploited the world for their own purposes, their actions have had drastic effects on the environment as they deforest the land and introduce foreign flora and fauna to different ecosystems that may not be able to cope with them. What is not as obvious is that as humans have affected the environment, so the environment has also affected humans. While humans have settled down and chosen an agriculturalist, sedentary lifestyle over the semi-nomadic life of the hunter-gatherer, they have become susceptible to a barrage of diseases that have adapted specifically to afflict human beings. Because we, as humans, have come to believe that we completely dominate our environment, we find it hard to accept that perhaps the environment can also affect us in ways that may be out of our control. However, I think that the complimentary effects of humans and the environment on each other are important facts to explore and understand in o rder for coexistence to continue. Several millennia ago, there were certain groups of humans (mainly in Eurasia) who believed that an agricultural lifestyle was more desirable and would increase chances of survival more so than the hunter-gatherer way of life that had been in existence for millions of years. With the rise of agriculture came the domestication of the ‘farm’ animals – for example, pigs and cows (dogs had been domesticated well before these other animals). Farmers and herders began to need more land for their crops and animals, as well as for their offspring who also became farmers and herders, and so they expanded their territories. This territorial expansion continuousl... ...man travel and trade. I think that although it is theoretically possible to change the factors that allow the destruction of the Earth and the rise of diseases, it is actually impossible to achieve the sustainability and health of the human race. However, by understanding the complimentary effects of each on the other, I think that it is possible to alter our behaviors in such ways that problems in both directions can be greatly reduced. Works Cited Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: W.W. Norton & Comp., 1999. Ponting, Clive. A Green History of the World. New York: Penguin, 1993. Schneider, Jane. Rumpelstiltskin’s Bargain: Folklore and the Merchant Capitalist Intensification of Linen Manufacture in Early Modern Europe. From Cloth and Human Experience, ed. Annette Weiner and Jane Schneider. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.

What Is History Essay

History is looking at others perspective, point of view, understanding what they thought was okay and not okay. Evidence is cruel in history. Without evidence historians would not have known what happened. In an historical event such as Columbus and his men, and some people may be very bias to what he did, but what he did do to these people are not Okay, and would never in a million years pass in this century. Over a million Taint Indians killed, murdered, raped, shipped into slavery.Without Columbus journal and is men and the priest journal, we would probably not really know what happen and how cruel he was to these people that welcomed and showed Him and His Men the land. A historical account would be that would still think he is an amazing person, that did great and wonderful things, but in reality he didn't. Of course everything is selective or omitted, like when we were writing our biography or interviewing our parents, they would not want someone to know every detail.What if th ey were doing something they didn't want a trainer or their children or child to know? But how could we if the primary source story is reliable? That's when we go to secondary sources. When there are two different stories we could go to witnesses or friends that were there with them. In history, the audience is who writes the books, tells the stories, and passes on the knowledge from their grandparents or parents to their children and they pass it on to their children.

Frank Sinatra Research paper

Chairman of the Board Frank Sinatra was known by many names such as The Sultan of Swoon, The Voice, and 01†² Blue Eyes. Choose whichever you like. There were very few entertainers who stood the test of time and are still as popular in their hay day as they are in the current generation. Presley, Sinatra, and Bingo Crosby are the select few who are still as popular, if not more so, than they were in their respective times. Time Magazine even considered him the most influential vocalist of the 20th century.The simple upbringing, rise to fame, mafia connections, and his control of the music industry from the ass's to the aryl ass's was staggering considering how his life started and a deeper look into his background, music, and connections will just give you a small glimpse into the life Of the Chairman Of the Board. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1 915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents Anthony Sinatra and Natalie Aggravate were immigrants from Italy and moved to a very poor section of Hoboken, where most of the Italian immigrants of this time, which was all they could afford.His father was a hard-working individual who held multiple jobs despite the obvious engage barrier and did his best to instill these values into his only child. He preached schooling and making something out of his life and doing better than either he or his mother could ever give him. Frank never did well in school and failed to graduate from high school. He did however manage to nab a job with the local newspaper. However, the job failed to keep his interest and dreams of stardom at bay. He â€Å"quit his newspaper job to pursue a career as a singer after attending a Bingo Crosby concert (Carving). This choice would be his stepping stone to super stardom. The â€Å"Hoboken Four Carving)† gave him his first taste of the public after winning a contest on the radio and went on tour with the band. He eventually came back home and for the next few years worked mul tiple different jobs just to make ends meet. At a local bar in town he sang with a group on stage and was unknowingly recorded in what would become his â€Å"very first known studio recording of the thousand and more that were to make that skinny young man the most celebrated popular singer in history (Summers and Swan). Getting back into the music scene, he was picked up by â€Å"Harry James (Carving)† and promptly talent away by The Sentimental Gentleman of Swing â€Å"Tommy Dorset (Carving'. This opportunity was the start of the influential and dynamic career of Frank Sinatra. An event filled 2 year career with Tommy Dorset which raised his notoriety among some socialites in the music industry led to him to start his own solo career. The years of 1942 to 1947 would be his busiest time ever in the music industry.He was the lead singer on a radio broadcast that aired nightly, he signed a record deal with Columbia Records, and was releasing â€Å"a new single almost every month (Carving). He was truly the music industry of the 1 ass's. His song â€Å"I'll never smile again† lets you know exactly why he was so popular during the ass's, he spoke of despair and love being lost and having no hope. America was fully in the throes of WI, and most people could relate to the disparity of the time. He capitalized on what he was feeling and profited from was going on in the world at the time.He starred in multiple films during the ass's most of which included mixed reviews and weren't the successes he had hoped them to be. By the late 1 ass's and early 1 ass's his once illustrious sic career seemed as though it was over. He suffered a â€Å"vocal cord hemorrhage (Carving' that could have ended his career. He recovered from the injury only to suffer not more physical injuries, but emotional ones. He began an affair with Eva Gardner which led to his divorce from Nancy, his 1st wife and mother of their 3 children.Sinatra and Gardner married soon thereafte r but only to have it end in divorce less than 6 years after it had begun. His personal life was crumbling at his feet and his professional life was non-existent with his movie contract being voided, the contract with Columbia isn't renewed and his radio show was cancelled. He also had ties to the Mafia here in the u S. , but more notably in Chicago. â€Å"He willingly fronted for the mob (Burdock) on many occasions up to and including sharing property with notable members of the Mafia and introducing â€Å"divorcee Judith Campbell Keener both to him and to John F. Kennedy.Since she was romantically involved with the President and the mobster at the same time, the Mafia enjoyed unprecedented access to the White House. In fact, Judith later claimed to have carried messages between the two, helping the Mafia and CIA elaborate on a plan to assassinate Fidel Castro (Burdock). But through the dark times carne the light. His 2nd marriage, considered a colossal failure on a personal leve l, did however reeve his career during the mid-1 ass's. His role in the movie From Here to Eternity, which VA helped him land, won him an Oscar for best supporting actor and helped reignite his career.He starred in multiple more films during the mid-sass's and resurrected his singing career later during the decade. These events led to the evolution of the Rat Pack. Sinatra, Davis Jar. , Martin and McClain were the main members of the Rat Pack. They were known for not only their iconic roles in films during this time frame, but for their comedy acts in Vegas. â€Å"The high point of the Rat Pack era came in 1960, when all five had roles in the classic Ocean's Eleven. Frank, of course, was the star. It's a terrible movie–slow, silly, its premise unbelievable.Yet it is, perhaps, the ultimate buddy movie of all time, just as the Rat pack remains the ultimate buddy group in people's hearts (Burdock). Joey Bishop and Peter Lapboard were less known than the rest but no less importa nt to the group as a whole. The Pack were all similar in that most quit school at a very nouns age, had issues with the law, and became involved in either the music or the entertaining business at a young age. The Rat Pack got their name from Lauren Facial, Humphrey Boast's wife.She â€Å"saw the group ringside at a Alas Vegas showroom, she disgustedly informed them that they looked â€Å"like a goddamned rat pack. † The name would endure Boast's death and was adopted by Frank and his cronies (Burdock). After a matter of 6 years, The Rat pack was no more. Times had changed and the Rock and Roll generation had taken over. Sinatra continued to spurn out records during this time and transcended 3 separate decades. Frank truly embodied the American spirit in which with enough talent, drive, and ambition, you can become anything you want to be in this world.Sinatra over his career not only won numerous acting awards but singing awards as well. He won an Academy Award, an Oscar, 3 Golden Globes, 6 Grammas and multiple other awards, all of which spanned a 50 year career in the industry. From a simple upbringing he continued to reach for his dreams and saw this a reality when he was just 25 stating to â€Å"a new acquaintance how he saw his future. â€Å"I'm going to be the best singer in the world,† he said, â€Å"the best singer hat ever was (Summers and Swans'.

Albatross Anchor Proposal

Introduction Processes and technologies have many variables; planning, analysis, designing and innovations. Albatross Anchor needs to become more effective with the opportunities and challenges in its operating environment. Albatross’ operating system must be capable of producing quality products (anchors) that are n demand within a time frame that is acceptable to the industry. Question One Based on the information presented in the scenario/case study discuss Albatross Anchor’s competitiveness in relation to (please address all items in the below list and provide support for your conclusions): 1. Cost a) Cost or Production: The first issue that needs to be addressed is; how much of the fabricating of the anchors could be outsourced? Albatross, a vertically integrated company has an antiquated and technology-deprived plant as well as non-compliant on safety and environmental issues. The factors that can make outsourcing desirable to Albatross Anchors are quality and speed. Quality, which is â€Å"standardization of parts, supplier certification, and supplier involvement in design can improve the quality of supplied parts. † (www. allbusiness. om) Speed of the supplier can produce the components quicker, with adaptability, flexibility and reliability then this is a time benefit for outsourcing. Albatross Anchors is lacking the production capabilities to output products in relation to the industry and customers demands. Outsourcing would be a benefit to the production of the customized and specific anchors and a valuable asset to put into action and still be able to keep the competitive edge. Albatross’ ability to produce the anchors on a larger scale with fewer, less expensive costs needs to be implemented. Technology, specialized trained employees and bulk purchasing are factors that contribute to the economic scale. An investment in specific technological production techniques would give Albatross more of a competitive advantage over other â€Å"anchor† companies. Increasing production efficiency would allow Albatross to reduce the company’s expenses. Reduced expenses means more cash to spend on operational expansion. Experienced and a specialized skilled labor force would improve Albatross Anchor because the ore skilled workforce the more capable workers would be to complete complex tasks. Albatross could hire more skilled labor force to reduce the workforce for their competitors. The advantage of a more highly skilled workforce is to improve the economies of scales because they could produce more anchors in less time. b) Economies of Scale: The ability to grow and expand would lead Albatross to purchase materials in bulk. Bulk purchasing would allow Albatross Anchor to benefit from a reduced average cost per unit. Economies of scale refers to the decreased per unit cost as output increases. More clearly, the initial investment of capital is diffused (spread) over an increasing number of units of output, and therefore, the marginal cost of producing a good or service decreases as production increases. )† (www. uslaw. com) c) Cost of Raw Materials Sitting Idle in the Warehouse: d) Cost of Finished Goods Sitting Idle in the Warehouse: To stay competitive, Albatross needs to implement the â€Å"Just-in-time† inventory control system. This system identifies that a â€Å"finished product should be produced just in time for delivery and the raw materials should be delivered just in time for production. † (www. referenceforbusiness. com) The â€Å"Just-in-time† system is used so materials and goods never sit idle for extended periods of time. If products or materials sit for long periods of time in warehouses, Albatross is wasting money and valuable space. Inventory management is another key factor for the success of Albatross Anchors. If Albatross wants to maintain an effective inventory of their materials, regular maintenance needs to be a priority. Inventory maintenance on a regular basis needs to 1) review all transportation alternatives and how this affects inventory and warehouse issues, 2) do periodic reviews of inventory, especially raw materials and finished products to ensure that customers orders are filled in a timely fashion and 3) establish a review system for managing inventory to ensure that obsolete materials are disposed of properly. Success of Albatross Anchors depends on a successful inventory management system. 2. Speed of manufacturing process from order to finished product. Albatross’ manufacturing speed needs to be improved in order to stay competitive in the industry. Albatross Anchors would benefit from the use of a computerized production scheduler, this scheduler creates schedules for the production down to the very second. Using flowcharts as well as a computer-based scheduler will take the guess work out of production and increase speed so to improve the lead time, reduce inventories, satisfy customers and still stay competitive. 3. Flexibility in filling order(s): Implementing a flexible manufacturing system would enhance and increase the speed of fulfilling the anchor orders of Albatross. The ability to easily make changes in the production of anchors would be a major strength for flexibility in volume and product. The manufacturing flexibility has three components: 1) the flexibility to produce varieties of different sizes of anchors by using the same machines and producing the same anchors on different machines, 2) the ability to produce new sizes of anchors on the existing machines and 3) using the flexibility of the current machines to design changes in the anchors. The present time, Albatross has dedicated machinery which lacks flexibility. Utilizing an FMS would produce benefit as less waste, quicker tool change, better control of quality, efficient uses of machinery and labor force, reduction in inventory, faster shipping and receiving as well as reduction in expenses. 4. Technology Technology in manufacturing operations is a vital part of the success of Albatross Anchors. Implementing automated and flexible manufacturing systems can aid the company to make collaborative decisions about the production of specific and different anchors. Applying current process, manufacturing, product and information technologies will benefit Albatross to supply employees, suppliers and customers with the best output for their marine craft, whether large or small. 5. Capacity and facilities The current facility layout for Albatross is inefficient for several reasons. The current flows of work, materials, receiving/shipping are not grouped together. Albatross can reduce manufacturing costs and improve profitability by improving the plant layout. Product layout would be the most beneficial for Albatross Anchors. This type of layout is an assembly line and workers have their stations with tools, materials to complete the manufacturing process for the anchors. Once the anchors have been manufactured, shipping them to a warehouse for storage is the most effective way. Product layout has a sequential arrangement of manufacturing processes, a continuous mass production and assembly, special equipment, a fixed path for material handling, balance for scheduling and efficiency. Implementing the product layout for Albatross will; 1) minimize material movement, 2) minimize the cost of handling materials, 3) provide work flow in an orderly and efficient manner suitable for the repetitive operations of manufacturing anchors. 6. Service to customers (what types of services would an anchor company provide to marine wholesalers? In any organization, service that is provided to customers must be held at a high standard. Exceptional service will generate a return of customer and profitability. Services that a marine wholesaler would look for would be; databases for products and manufacturers, on-time delivery, cost effective and efficient supply solutions as well as understanding customer’s requirements. â€Å"Technical expertise, alliances with strategic partners, logistics, supply chain management and specialized outsourcing provides strength to customer base. † (www. anchormarinesupplies. com) Question Two There are many ways that mushroom/bell anchors may be manufactured. Albatross Anchor is considering two new manufacturing processes (Process A and Process B) to reduce costs. Analysis of the information below will help determine which process has the lowest breakeven point (this validates the process is more cost effective). For each process the following fixed costs and variable costs are identified below: |Anchor and Process |Process A |Process B | |Sale price per anchor |$ 42. 0 |$ 42. 00 | |Total Fixed cost |$ 650,000. 00 |$950,000. 00 | |Variable cost per anchor |$ 36. 00 |$ 29. 99 | Based on the information in the table above complete the table below: Anchor and Process |Process A |Process B | |(a) Fixed costs per anchor |3,900,000   |11,409,500   | |(b) The total number of anchors to attain |108,334   |79,101   | |break–even point for Process A and Process B | | | c) Based on your calculations which Process (A or B) that you would recommend for adoption (you can select only one). Please make sure to explain how you arrived a t your conclusion. I would recommend Process A for Albatross Anchors. The fixed costs per anchor are lower than the total fixed costs which would generate a profit for the company but, the number of anchors to manufacturer is greater. Producing a larger number of anchors is a benefit when Albatross purchases bulk materials for process A. If Albatross can produce a large number of anchors on a monthly basis with lower production expenses then the company will turn a profit. Process A has the factors that all management supervisors want, low costs with a high number of products coming off of the production floor. Conclusion Albatross Anchors has the abilities to mass produce anchors for small, medium and large marine vessels. Albatross Anchors is a company that began in 1976 and has grown rapidly. In order for the company to make a large profit, the plant needs to be updated with technology, expand the production of the anchors and be a more friendly manufacturing environment. Providing exceptional service to customers, updating the facility, technology, flexibility with fulfillment of orders, speed of the manufacturing process, cost of production and materials as well as utilizing inventory, Albatross can become competitive once again. Through enhancing the manufacturing processes, Albatross Anchors will be the leader in the manufacturing of anchors in the future. References Evans, J. (2005). Total Quality Management, Organization, and Strategy, (4th Ed. ). Thomson, South-Western. Wilson, Dennis R (2004, March 22). Outsourcing Production and Jobs: Cost and benefits.. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from http://www. allbusiness. com www. uslaw. com www. anchormarinesupplies. com www. referenceforbusiness. com

The Three Major Religions

The Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basic rules for our guidance so that we may be good and righteous, according to God's intention. All the major religions of the world have cities that hold special significance to their religion. It may be the home of a religious leader, the birthplace of their god, or the location of an important Temple or shrine. Many of these holy cities are important to more than one religion, which is a little more proof that we're all more alike than we are different. All three religions acknowledge that Moses was a prophet of God. The prophets of Israel and Judah are one of the most amazing groups of individuals in all history. The Islamic faith eagerly awaits the return of the Prophet Jesus born by a miracle of God without a father. The Prophet Mohammed's words give an account of the signs that will precede the coming of Jesus. Through Christianity, the prophets confirmed that God is sovereign over history and is working out His purposes in accordance with an overall plan, sometimes indiscernible, but always in the hands of the Lord. In Judaism, the people saw God's initiative at work in every step of their corporate existence. Yahweh (God) had called Abraham to father a chosen people of destiny. In Exodus, God used the Prophet Moses to affirm His power, goodness, and concern for history The religion's book of revelation, mediated by the prophet, is the Koran. It was not a completely new faith but is the third great monotheistic religion. In Muslim eyes, Mohammed completes a succession of prophets, including Abraham, Moses and Jesus, each of whom refined and restated the message of God. Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia that is of major religious importance to Muslims. Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Mohammed who converted Arabia to Islam. All practicing Muslims accept belief in the ‘Six Articles of Faith’ and are obliged to follow the ‘Five Pillars. ’   They are 1) Muslim profession of faith or shahada, 2) Ritual Prayer or salah, 3) Ritual Prayer or salah, 4) Fasting or sawm, 5) Pilgrimage or hajj. The division between Shia (followers of Ali) and Sunni (followers of the custom of the caliphate) persists to this day. Although both share most of the customs of the religion, Shiites place more emphasis on the guiding role of the imam. About 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and about 10% Shia. Muslims prayer five a day. The most important day for them to worship Allah is Friday in the mosque. â€Å"Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar, is considered as one of the holiest months of the year. It was in 610 A. D. when the prophet Mohammad was said to have received revelations from God that later became Islam’s holy book, the Quran† (Ramadan – The Holy Month ,2010). Christians believe Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem. Bethlehem is a very important city to Christians because it is the place where Jesus was born. â€Å"The Christian life involves a number of different aspects. Among the key ones are fellowship with God Our relationships with others, and Obedience to God's commands and Discipline†( Hedrick, C. 1995). The Christian concept of God as creator holds a middle ground. Christianity conceives of God as One. But it is not an isolated One. Rather, God is a person, who is capable of affecting and being affected by others. This is implicit in the concept of God as Father, which is one of the most characteristic teachings of Jesus. The concept of God as personal ultimately led to the Trinity, which is surely one of the most distinctive. In Christianity their holy book is the bible ( Jewish bible and New Testament). Also their main day for worship is on Sunday in a church, chapel, and cathedral. Judaism is a monotheistic religion which believes that the world was created by a single, all-knowing divinity, and that all things within that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order. There are three branch of Judaism which form a type of lifestyle and beliefs of Jewish individuals. â€Å"Orthodox- Traditionalists who observe most of the traditional dietary and ceremonial laws of Judaism. Conservative- Do not holds to the importance of a Jewish political state, but put more emphasis on the historic and religious aspects of Judaism, doctrinally somewhere between Orthodox and Reform. Reform- The liberal wing of Judaism, culture and race oriented with little consensus on doctrinal or religious belief† (McDowell, J. 1992). Judaism has no dogma, no formal set of beliefs that one must hold to be a Jew. In Judaism, actions are far more important than beliefs, although there is certainly a place for belief within Judaism. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power? The central prayer of any Jewish religious service is to â€Å"love God†. Palestine was where Judaism found. The main day for worship is on Saturday in synagogue. Moses was the greatest of the prophets for Judaism and there holy book was Torah ( bible). Comparing the view of God between Islam, Judaism and Christiantaiy would reveal som e similarities but Judaism and Christianity will come closer in doctrine. This is because of the Old Testament. Both Judaism and Christianity reject the Origin of the Islamic faith. These are broad statements in comparing the three but still are general facts. From infancy, Muslims are taught about the oneness of God, hence monotheism. Muslim theology also advocates unity of the human race as one family under God and reject the Biblical teaching of a â€Å"chosen† people. To the Muslim, Allah is the name of God that encompasses all the Holy divine attributes. As in the Jewish faith, Jesus is regarded as a prophet but is rejected as the Holy Son of God. Judaism, at least from a traditional religious sense, draws its belief in a monotheistic existence of God from the Old Testament writings. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power. The three religions believe that human beings are the highest creatures here on earth. The three Abrahamic religions believe that God and human beings can and should communicate with each other. By revelation God communicates to people, among which the most important are revelation through prophets. These revelations are recorded in the Holy Scriptures of each religion. While the Holy Scriptures of the three religions are not the very same, nevertheless the younger two religions acknowledge God's truth as found in the previous religions, and encourage respect to the Holy Books. All three religions foster modesty, moderation, and honest work. We are to submit ourselves to the will of God. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share many salient features. All three of these major world religions posit the existence of a single God, or a monotheistic deity. In Christianity, however, it is held that the single God is possessed of three natures, that of God the Father, the Son , and the Holy Spirit. Despite differences, at their core all three religions share the theme of right living and social interaction based upon it, as demonstrated in the following precepts from each religion: Christianity Thou shall not steal; Thou shall not commit adultery; Honor they mother and father. Islam Religion is based on reward and punishment; be good and you will be rewarded, be bad and you will be punished on the terrible day of reckoning. Judaism Refrain from incest, bloodshed, robbery, injustice and lawlessness, inhuman conduct, and idolatry. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior.